Operator
Given any ring R, the ring of the Integer
linear operators over R is called Operator(R).
To create an operator over R, first create a basic operator using the
operation operator, and then convert it
to Operator(R) for the R you want. We choose R
to be the two by two matrices over the integers.
Create the operator tilde on R
Since Operator is unexposed we must either
package-call operations from it, or expose it explicitly. For convenience
we will do the latter.
To attach an evaluation function (from R to R) to an operator over R, use
evaluate(op,f) where op is an operator over R and f is a function R->R.
This needs to be done only once when the operator is defined. Note that f
must be Integer linear (that is,
f(ax+y) = a f(x) + f(y)
for any integer a and any x and y in R). We now attach the transpose map
to the above operator t.
Operators can be manipulated formally as in any ring:
+ is the pointwise addition and
* is composition. Any element x of R can
be converted to an operator op_x over R, and the evaluation function of
op_x is left-multiplication by x. Multiplying on the left by this matrix
swaps the two rows.
Can you guess what is the action of the following operator?
Hint: applying rho four times gives the identity, so rho^4-1
should return 0 when applied to any two by two matrix.
Now check with this matrix
As you have probably guessed by now, rho acts on matrices by rotating
the elements clockwise.
Do the swapping of rows and transposition commute? We can check by computing
their bracket.
Now apply it to m.
Next we demonstrate how to define a differential operator on a polynomial
ring. This is the recursive definition of the nth Legendre polynomial.
Create the differential operator d/dx on polynomials in x over the rational
numbers.
Now attach a map to it.
This is the differential equation satisfied by the nth Legendre polynomial.
Now we verify this for n=15. Here is the polynomial.
Here is the operator.
Here is the evaluation.